Reference Community: Pittwater Spotted Gum Forest EEC Dry Ridgetop Variant

Site: Careel Bay Crescent Reserve, Avalon

Soil landscape: Watagan - Narrow, convex crests and ridges, steep colluvial sideslopes, occasional sandstone boulders and benches.

Aspect: North-facing

Vegetation type: Dry closed forest

Flora:

Narrow-Leaf Geebung (Persoonia linearis) covered in fruit

Burrawang (Macrozamia communis) twined by climbers Wonga Wonga Vine (Pandorea pandorana) and Dodder Laurel (Cassytha glabella)

A more sheltered, sloping aspect leading up to the ridgetop

Pale Grass Lily (Caesia parviflora) in bloom

A Brown Ringlet Moth (Hypocysta metirius) resting on Australian Coleus (Plectranthus parviflorus)

An understorey of vines, grasses, and herbs

Scrubby Spurge (Phyllanthus gunnii)

Stout Bamboo Grass (Austrostipa ramosissima) - a huge specimen!

Forest Nightshade (Solanum prinophyllum) emerging through the grasses

Wild Yellow Jasmine (Pittosporum revolutum) in flower

A stand of Giant Hare’s Foot Fern (Davallia solida) nestled beneath a Burrawang (Macrozamia communis)

Wattle Mat-Rush (Lomandra filiformis)

Wattle Mat-Rush (Lomandra filiformis) in flower

Forest becomes more open on the ridgetop, where the ground is dominated by Kangaroo Grass (Themeda triandra)

Wild Clematis (Clematis aristata) climbing and flowering over a Burrawang (Macrozamia communis)

Native Holly (Podolobium ilicifolium)

A forest stand: Burrawang (Macrozamia communis) beneath Spotted Gums (Corymbia maculata)

Sandfly Zieria (Zieria smithii)

A drier understorey on the ridge top, featuring a Rice Flower (Ozothamnus dismifolius) in the centre

Bottlebrush Grass-Tree (Xanthorrea macronema) putting out a flower spike

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Reference Community: Sandstone Dry Ridge-top Woodland

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Reference Community: Duffy’s Forest EEC Eastern Ridgetop Variant & Duffy’s Forest EEC Eastern Hillslope Variant