Reference Community: Turpentine Moist Shale Escarpment, Forest Variant & Rainforest Variant
Equilibrium acknowledges that these reference community sites are on Garigal Land. We pay our respects.
Site: Site A- Katandra Bushland Santuary, Ingleside
Site B - Bushland NE of Katandra, Bayview
Soil landscape:
Site A - Watagan - Narrow, convex crests and ridges, steep colluvial sideslopes, occasional sandstone boulders and benches.
Site B - Erina - Undulating to rolling rises and low hills on fine-grained sandstones and claystones of the Narrabeen Group.
Aspect: Both Site A and Site B are East/South-East facing. This Plant Community Type (PCT) typically occurs on southern and eastern aspects but can potentially be found on shale-influenced soil types across the entire Barrenjoey Peninsula. It's important to note that if this community occurs on a drier aspect (such as North-facing), the mid-storey and groundcover will differ significantly from the list below.
Vegetation type: Wet forest & Rainforest
Flora Lists:
Escarpment Form, Turpentine Moist Forest
Site A: Katranda Bushland Sanctuary, Ingleside
Canopy
Allocasuarina torulosa (Forest Oak)
Angophora costata (Smooth-barked Apple)
Ceratopetalum apetalum (Coachwood)
Eucalyptus paniculata (Grey Ironbark)
Eucalyptus piperita (Sydney Peppermint)
Eucalyptus umbra (Broad-leaved White Mahogany)
Livistona australis (Cabbage Tree Palm)
Syncarpia glomulifera (Turpentine)
Mid-storey
Bursaria spinosa (Sweet Bursaria)
Callicoma serratifolia (Black Wattle)
Ceratopetalum gummiferum (NSW Christmas Bush)
Cryptocarya glaucescens (Native Laurel)
Cryptocarya microneura (Murrogun)
Cyclophyllum longipetalum (Canthium)
Denhamia sylvestris (Denhamia)
Dodonaea triquetra (Large-leaf Hop Bush)
Elaeocarpus reticulatus (Blueberry Ash)
Endiandra sieberi (Corkwood)
Eupomatia laurina (Bolwarra)
Leionema dentatum (Toothed Leionema)
Leptospermum polygalifolium (Tantoon)
Myrsine variabilis (Variable Muttonwood)
Notelaea longifolia (Large Mock-olive)
Olearia tomentosa (Daisy Bush)
Persoonia linearis (Narrow-leaved Geebung)
Pittosporum revolutum (Rough-fruit Pittosporum)
Prostanthera denticulata (Rough Mint Bush)
Schizomeria ovata (White Birch)
Synoum glandulosum (Scentless Rosewood)
Syzygium smithii (Lilly Pilly / Midjuburi)
Tristaniopsis laurina (Water Gum)
Trochocarpa laurina (Tree Heath)
Wilkiea huegeliana (Veiny Wilkiea)
Zieria smithii (Sandfly Zieria)
Vines and Scramblers
Billardiera spinosa (Prickly Apple Berry)
Cissus hypoglauca (Water Vine)
Eustrephus latifolius (Wombat Berry)
Geitonoplesium cymosum (Scrambling Lily)
Marsdenia suaveolens (Scented Silkpod)
Morinda jasminoides (Sweet Morinda)
Pandorea pandorana (Wonga Vine)
Parsonsia straminea (Native Silkpod)
Passiflora cinnabarina (Red Passionflower)
Sarcopetalum harveyanum (Velvet Vine)
Smilax glyciphylla (Sweet Sarsaparilla)
Stephania japonica (Snake Vine)
Groundcover (Herbs, Grasses, and Sedges)
Acianthus fornicatus (Pixie Caps)
Acrotriche divaricata (Spreading Ground Berry)
Astrotricha floccosa (Woolly Star Hair)
Dianella caerulea (Blue Flax-lily)
Dockrillia linguiformis (Tongue Orchid)
Entolasia stricta (Erect Panic)
Goodenia heterophylla (Variable Goodenia)
Hibbertia dentata (Trailing Guinea Flower)
Hibbertia empetrifolia (Showy Guinea Flower)
Lepidosperma elatius (Tall Sword-sedge)
Lepidosperma laterale (Broad-leaf Rapier-sedge)
Leucopogon affinis (Lance-leaved Beard-heath)
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis (Wattle Mat-rush)
Lomandra longifolia (Spiny-headed Mat-rush)
Lomandra multiflora (Many-flowered Mat-rush)
Lomandra obliqua (Twisted Mat-rush)
Lomatia silaifolia (Crinkle Bush)
Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Meadow Grass)
Mitrasacme polymorpha (Mitrasacme)
Platylobium parviflorum (Hairy Flat-pea)
Platysace lanceolata (Shrubby Platysace)
Poa affinis (Slender Tussock-grass)
Podolobium ilicifolium (Mountain Holly-pea)
Pomax umbellata (Pomax)
Poranthera microphylla (Small Poranthera)
Pseuderanthemum variabile (Pastel Flower)
Pultenaea flexilis (Graceful Bush Pea)
Schelhammera undulata (Schelhammera)
Xanthorrhoea arborea (Grass Tree)
Xanthosia tridentata (Rock Xanthosia)
Ferns, Cycads, Orchids and Conifers
Asplenium australasicum (Bird's Nest Fern)
Calochlaena dubia (Soft Bracken)
Cryptostylis erecta (Hooded Orchid)
Cryptostylis subulata (Large Tongue Orchid)
Cyathea australis (Rough Tree Fern)
Cymbidium suave (Snake Orchid)
Dendrobium speciosum (Rock Lily)
Gleichenia dicarpa (Pouched Coral Fern)
Gleichenia rupestris (Rock Felt Fern)
Grammitis stenophylla (Narrow-leaf Finger Fern)
Histiopteris incisa (Bat's Wing Fern)
Psilotum nudum (Skeleton Fork Fern)
Pteridium esculentum (Bracken Fern)
Sticherus umbellatus (Umbrella Fern)
Todea barbara (King Fern)
Tmesipteris truncata (Forked Tmesipteris)
Projected to Occur (Barrenjoey Peninsula)
Boronia mollis (Soft Boronia)
Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum)
Foothills Form, Turpentine Moist Forest
Site B: Peninsula Gardens Reserve, Bayview
Recorded as Occurring
Canopy
Angophora costata (Smooth-barked Apple)
Angophora floribunda (Rough-barked Apple)
Ceratopetalum apetalum (Coachwood)
Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum)
Eucalyptus botryoides (Bangalay)
Eucalyptus paniculata (Grey Ironbark)
Eucalyptus umbra (Broad-leaved White Mahogany)
Livistona australis (Cabbage Tree Palm)
Syncarpia glomulifera (Turpentine)
Mid-storey
Alphitonia excelsa (Red Ash)
Clerodendrum tomentosum (Hairy Clerodendrum)
Cryptocarya microneura (Murrogun)
Elaeocarpus reticulatus (Blueberry Ash)
Eupomatia laurina (Bolwarra)
Notelaea longifolia (Large Mock-olive)
Persoonia linearis (Narrow-leaved Geebung)
Pittosporum undulatum (Sweet Pittosporum)
Stenocarpus salignus (Scrub Beefwood)
Synoum glandulosum (Scentless Rosewood)
Syzygium smithii (Lilly Pilly / Midjuburi)
Tasmannia insipida (Native Pepperbush)
Trema aspera (Poison Peach)
Trochocarpa laurina (Tree Heath)
Wilkiea huegeliana (Veiny Wilkiea)
Vines and Scramblers
Cissus hypoglauca (Water Vine)
Clematis aristata (Old Man's Beard)
Dioscorea transversa (Native Yam)
Geitonoplesium cymosum (Scrambling Lily)
Marsdenia rostrata (Common Milk Vine)
Morinda jasminoides (Sweet Morinda)
Parsonsia straminea (Native Silkpod)
Smilax australis (Austral Sarsaparilla)
Smilax glyciphylla (Sweet Sarsaparilla)
Stephania japonica (Snake Vine)
Tylophora barbata (Bearded Tylophora)
Groundcover (Herbs, Grasses, and Sedges)
Acrotriche divaricata (Spreading Ground Berry)
Asterolasia correifolia (Asterolasia)
Astrotricha latifolia (Broad-leaf Star Hair)
Carex longebrachiata (Long-bracted Sedge)
Dianella caerulea (Blue Flax-lily)
Entolasia stricta (Erect Panic)
Gahnia melanocarpa (Black-fruited Saw-sedge)
Gymnostachys anceps (Settlers Flax)
Hibbertia dentata (Trailing Guinea Flower)
Hydrocotyle hirta (Hairy Pennywort)
Lepidosperma elatius (Tall Sword-sedge)
Lepidosperma laterale (Broad-leaf Rapier-sedge)
Lobelia purpurascens (White Root)
Lomandra longifolia (Spiny-headed Mat-rush)
Poa affinis (Slender Tussock-grass)
Podolobium ilicifolium (Mountain Holly-pea)
Pseuderanthemum variabile (Pastel Flower)
Viola silicestris (Sandstone Violet)
Ferns, Cycads and Conifers
Adiantum aethiopicum (Common Maidenhair)
Blechnum cartilagineum (Gristle Fern)
Calochlaena dubia (Soft Bracken)
Doodia aspera (Rough Rasp Fern)
Hypolepis muelleri (Harsh Ground Fern)
Schelhammera undulata (Schelhammera)
Sticherus flabellatus (Shiny Fan Fern)
Expected to Occur
Mid-storey
Acronychia oblongifolia (White Aspen)
Boronia mollis (Soft Boronia)
Callicoma serratifolia (Black Wattle)
Cryptocarya glaucescens (Native Laurel)
Diospyros australis (Black Plum)
Elaeodendron australe (Red Olive-berry)
Guioa semiglauca (Guioa)
Myrsine howittiana (Muttonwood)
Rhodamnia rubescens (Scrub Turpentine)
Schizomeria ovata (White Birch)
Vines and Scramblers
Passiflora herbertiana (Native Passionfruit)
Groundcover (Herbs)
Oxalis exilis (Shady Wood-sorrel)
Peperomia tetraphylla (Peperomia)
Viola banksii (Native Violet)
Ferns, Cycads and Conifers
Adiantum hispidulum (Rough Maidenhair)
A Rock Orchid (Dendrobium speciosum) in the leaf litter
Berries from a Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) on the ground
The upper reaches of the forest community are densley populated with Black She-Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), forming a carpet of needles
Wonga Vine (Pandorea pandorana)
Scented Milk Vine (Marsdenia suaveolens)
A Skeleton Fork Fern (Psilotum nudum) hangs from the rock
Fish Bones (Lomandra obliqua)
Rough Mint Bush (Prostanthera denticulata) blooms with purple flowers
On the Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), the rough grey bark is dappled by sunlight
Trailing Guinea Flower (Hibbertia dentata)
A creek flows into a gully and the vegetation becomes more hydrophytic. Coachwoods (Ceratopetalum apetalum) grow their roots over the rocks.
Cabbage Tree Palms (Livistona australis) begin to emerge
Small Flowered Flat Pea (Platylobium parviflorum)
Snake Orchid (Cymbidium suave) sits in the nook of a tree, soon to flower
As the vegetation becomes more rainforest-like further down the hill-slope, we begin to see plants such as Veiny Wilkeia (Wilkeia hugeliana) and Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum)
Sandfly Zieria (Zieria smithii)
Vines are a significant part of the rainforest variant of this community. They keep shade on the ground and create humidity.
In the rainforest variant, Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina) forms part of the mid-storey
Many small Cabbage Tree Palms (Livistona australis) scatter across the under-storey
Lilac Lillies (Schelhammera undulata) in flower
Looking up at the Turpentines (Syncarpia glomulifera)
And across the rainforest floor where Settlers Flax (Gymnostachys anceps) forms large drifts amongst the ferns
Sandstone Violets (Viola silicestrus) find a pocket of light
Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum) fans across the ground